Preface vi
Acknowledgments viii
1 Earth materials and the geosphere 1
2 Atoms, elements, bonds and coordination polyhedra 19
3 Atomic substitution, phase diagrams and isotopes 46
4 Crystallography 75
5 Mineral properties and rock-forming minerals 111
6 Optical identifi cation of minerals 145
7 Classifi cation of igneous rocks 182
8 Magma and intrusive structures 212
9 Volcanic features and landforms 235
10 Igneous rock associations 264
11 The sedimentary cycle: erosion, transportation, deposition and
sedimentary structures 295
12 Weathering, sediment production and soils 328
13 Detrital sediments and sedimentary rocks 365
14 Biochemical sedimentary rocks 399
15 Metamorphism 438
16 Metamorphism: stress, deformation and structures 455
17 Texture and classifi cation of metamorphic rocks 481
18 Metamorphic zones, facies and facies series 501
19 Mineral resources and hazards 541
References 580
Index 597
Periodic table of the elements 610
Table of chemical elements 612
Color plate sections between pp. 248 and 249, and pp. 408 and 409
Companion website for this book: wiley.com/go/hefferan/earthmaterials